Archive for the ‘Carbon’ Category

So money Doesn’t grow on Trees … ?

May 8th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon

Or so the old adage goes …. but as we enter a new era, an era where Carbon is the most talked-about and most important commodity in the World, then suddenly this age-old saying now seems a little short-sighted.

With over 20% of the planet’s carbon stored in trees, global governments and organisations now recognise and acknowledge that the protection of the forests is absolutely vital in preventing devastating climate change. Not only do trees continue to capture and store Carbon, when destroyed by fire they release harmful CO2 in to the atmosphere. At last their value is now substantiated financially, with carbon credits in the Voluntary Carbon markets averaging over $6 per tonne of CO2 equivalent and the highest values being placed on reforestation projects at over $8/tCO2e. So not only good for the environment, growing trees is now at long last serious business.

Willow Rivers recommend investing in sustainable rainforests in Costa Rica, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri Lanka not only for the carbon credit potential, but also for the actual goods produced. In conjunction with local governments these re-forestation projects grow teak and aquilaria, both forecast for thriving demand as global populations swell. Permits ensure the forests are sustainable aka as soon as harvesting occurs a rest-period is enforced followed by healthy re-forestation. With harvesting periods between 8 and 18 years, investors choose when to harvest portions of the forest so producing “waterfall returns” and mantaining maximum soil health. These types of forest investments can also be structured via SIPPS and are able to give additional tax advantages.

Further than carbon credits and actual sustainable wood harvesting, even further values are being placed on forests by some organisations such as their rainfall production, water storage and weather moderation capabilities. Whilst the relevant values are yet to be justified and proven, there is no doubt that the future is looking good for trees.

Scotland plans to store CO2

May 7th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon

With global initiatives for Green House Gas emissions reductions reaching an all-time high, more and more financial incentives are coming in to play for organisations to reduce their  CO2 emissions.

Carbon Capturing and Sequestration, or CCS as it is known, involves the capturing of CO2 before it is released from coal-fired power stations and its storage miles under ground in suitable geological locations. Technologies are still being tested and proven, however the theory is accepted and billions are being invested globally to make the process as efficient as possible in order for existing energy companies to survive incoming legislation. CCS is becoming very big business.

As such, Scotland has recently conducted research in to its depleted North Sea oil and gas fields and has ringfenced 29 sites, already closed or closing during the next 20 years, suitable for CO2 storage. Altogether these porous rock formations could potentially store up to 50bn tonnes of CO2 making Scotland one of the most important Carbon Capture and Storage centres for Europe.

Not only creating 10,000 jobs and doing wonders for the Scottish economy, this could also become proftable business for Scottish Power who could sell their storage rights across Europe. Scottish Power hope to have a full test facility in operation within 5 years.

RTC3 - Indonesia first country to go REDD

May 7th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon

As our 3rd story on the Road to Copenhagen, we focus again on Indonesia which is now the first government to formally enact regulations governing a UN-backed REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) scheme.

Under the Indonesian regulations, foreign parties can now join with local companies to develop REDD projects, delivering Carbon Credits to the owners. REDD projects are not yet officially accepted within Kyoto’s CDM scheme for emission reduction credits, and can only be traded on the voluntary carbon markets, however it is hoped that in Copenhagen this December that decision will be reversed.

Indonesia is the Worlds 3rd most rain forest covered country, and as such holds an enormous resource in the carbon-sinking trees. Deforestation problems exist within Indonesia due to the popular and lucrative Palm Oil production, the plantations for which are often on cleared rain forest. It is hoped the ratification and acceptance of REDD as a genuine CDM mechanism will stop this deforestation before too late.

“Carbon Conservation” is working with the Aceh government in Indonesia on “Ulu Masen”, the World’s first independently validated REDD project covering 1.87m ha. How the credits generated will be traded, and what the Indonesian government will receive as a levy, are yet to be decided. Most importantly, with 20 REDD projects under development in Indonesia, progress is atleast under way.

Going a long way, fast

May 1st, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon, Renewable Energy

Al Gore may be criticised by many for his approach, however his desire to do whatever necessary to try to save our planet and create a sustainable healthy future for all is undeniable. Here in this short punchy lecture he shows just a few videos which really should make us all take note, listen up and think about what we can do to help the situation we’re facing. We need to go far, quickly!

RTC2 - Financial evaluation for REDD

April 29th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon

As part of our second blog on the Road to Copenhagen, we ask our selves what will it take for REDD (Reducing Emissions through Deforestation and Degradation) to be endorsed at Copenhagen in December? To become a genuine financially-acceptable solution to the global climate change problem, the value placed on preserving the forests needs to increase.

Rhett Butler and colleagues devised forecast models to estimate the equivalent financial return from a 10,000 hectare forest over 30 years according to its use and REDD’s accreditation. Firstly they considered preserving the forest and giving it the current REDD voluntary credit market pricing, which only produced a net present value of up to $994 per hectare. Secondly they considered deforestation and development of a Palm Oil plantation, which generated a far superior NPV of up to $9,630 per hectare. Thirdly they applied the desired model, that of giving REDD credits the compliance market credit value which would result in a far more competitive NPV of up to $6,605 per hectare.

This clearly shows that from a financial motivation perspective, the protection of our forests to prevent irreparable climate change and damage is going to REQUIRE the REDD credits to be given a higher value than they currently are. Fingers crossed for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Copenhagen in December this year!

Carolina looks to Off-shore Wind

April 27th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon, Renewable Energy

South Carolina faces rising energy demand, and unbelievably despite the fragile state of our ecology, Santee Cooper may be allowed to build another coal station, at a cost of $1.2bn to the pockets and an obvious cost to our future. However Nick Longfield, managing director of Ocean Marine Services Ltd from the UK, is working hard to try to change the perception and understanding of the State, and the future of their electricity provision.

Whilst awareness of the feasibility of wind turbines is high, especially with subject cases such as the UK and Denmark leading the way, very little actual progress is being made. “Its going to happen” stated Mr Longfield, stressing that those that get involved earlier rather than later will reap the long-term benefits.

Thankfully Santee Cooper have recognised this fact and have invested in to funding an offshore-wind study in collaboration with Coastal Carolina University. Lonnie Carter, Santee Cooper’s president and CEO, sees offshore wind “as our best opportunity for renewable energy,” adding, “I don’t think we can meet our renewable goals without it.”

The news was met with usual complaints from ornithologists, offshore wind turbines’ impact on birds, whilst Mr. Longfield warned: “Birds cost money”, and in our opinion they certainly shouldn’t prevent progress to a safer and healthier future planet.

Sustainable forests keep the rain falling

April 22nd, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon, Renewable Energy

Research recently published in New Scientist magazine has shed new light on the way our planets weather is formed. Meteorologists have suggested that the world’s forestry is acting as a gigantic pump, generating tremendous winds that push rainfall all over the globe.

Forestry has a long-standing relationship with rain - nearly 50% of all precipitation that falls on a typical tropical rainforest is evaporation from the trees. This in turn keeps the air above the canopy moist and with strong winds arriving from the ocean, more and more rain is generated; hence the name ‘rainforest’. But now two Russian scientists claim that the forests themselves are in fact creating more wind pumping the moisture across the planet.

In a very brief explanation the process is as follows; 1) Vapour from forests and oceans condense to from droplets and clouds. 2) The gas takes up less space as it turns to liquid, lowering local air pressure. 3) The pressure is lower over coastal forests, which suck in moist air from the ocean, generating wind which pumps the moisture further inland. 4) This process continues over and over again covering new sections of forest and pushing rain and moisture further and further inland.

If these scientists are correct then government attitudes to forestry and climate change may be changed forever. To justify their hypothesis the meteorologists point to areas of the world like West Africa and Northern Australia which don’t have coastal forests - where the climate becomes increasingly drier as you head inland. This is in stark contrast to the parts of the globe that have forestry running from the coast to the interior, where rainfall is consistent from the coast all the way inland.

With climatologists already concerned about the effects of deforestation on our planet, this news will further validate their fears. However, the good news is that by re-planting forests then these powerful woodland pumps can spread rainfall across our continents once again.

Sustainable Forestry investments such as those offered by Ecogen Investments in Malaysia and Sri Lanka are conducted in careful conjunction with the local governments. Land is leased to Oxigen Plantations who plant and manage Teak and Aquilaria trees, two woods predicted for high future demand. Investors receive waterfall returns over 4 years < 16 years, depending on when the trees are harvested, and investments can be made through the UK SIPP structure to give taxation benefits. With the progression of REDD projects in many dense forest countries such as Indonesia, many believe these forestry projects will be accepted by the CDM and so also yield profitable carbon credits for owners of Sustainable Forest projects such as this. After harvesting, new trees are planted, ensuring the forest is sustained.

WRI prevents perverse Indonesian deforestation

April 18th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon, Renewable Energy

The World Resources Institute has found a way to save the rampant deforestation in Indonesia, the Worlds 2nd largest culprit of deforestation, whilst also enabling Palm Oil plantation development to continue.

Prevention of deforestation is essential as globally this produces around 25% of worldwide GHG release in to the atmosphere, and Indonesia is the Worlds 3rd largest emitter of CO2. Despite being used for bio-fuel production, a far cleaner energy that fossil fuels, Palm Oil plantations are coming under much criticism as they are often planted in cleared rainforests. Globally the Worlds forests hold more Carbon than all oil reserves and atmosphere combined. Their destruction releases immense amounts of CO2 in to the atmosphere, therefore rainforest clearance for the creation of Palm Oil plantations is a non-sensical, or “perverse”, exercise.

The WRI’s initiative, named POTICO (Palm Oil, Timber, Carbon Offsets), will convert 1.25m acres of degraded land in to Palm Oil plantations whilst working closely with local communities, creating local jobs and protecting traditional livelihoods. It is hoped that this initiative will help slow down the relentless amount of illegal logging currently under way in Indonesia, in conjunction with the US Lacey Act which prevents any illegally harvested wood or paper entering the US.

REDD in Action from Brazil to Kenya

April 16th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon

Companies like ImageTree and centres like Woods Hole Research Centre in the US are providing two of the Worlds largest populations, Indonesia (4th) and Brazil (5th), with hope for reaching their carbon reduction goals. As two of the largest Green House Gas emitters, ranked 3rd and 4th respectively in the World, Indonesia and Brazil both have serious deforestation problems which cause the majority of their carbon emissions. Whilst we still have until Dec 09 in Copenhagen to find out what the COP decide to do with regards to any implementation of REDD policies, it is at least certain that some REDD activities and incentives will commence soon. Once the best form and methods of REDD implementation is decided, whether at a project or government-level and whether via the carbon market or an incentivized fund method, it will only be a matter of time before REDD activities become the norm. Very soon the REDD-related technologies behind forest carbon level analysis and deforestation rate assessment, protection and prevention, as such developed by ImageTree and Woods Hole Research Centre, are sure to be in high demand by global governments in the future.

Meanwhile in other areas of the World some countries are ploughing ahead with their REDD plans despite the certainty of the final outcome. In Kenya for example the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) have now signed a deal to protect their 80,000 acre natural wildlife area, with the entire project funded by sale of the land’s carbon credit values in the Voluntary Carbon market, as certified by the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS). For many of the twelve nations to originally receive funds from the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility the time to act is now!

RTC1 - The Road to Copenhagen

April 13th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon, Renewable Energy

In December of this year, the world’s governments will meet in Copenhagen to discuss the issue of climate change going forward from 2010 and beyond. The Kyoto Protocol will expire next year and with nearly all countries currently signed up (albeit without the most powerful - the USA), the planet sits and waits anxiously to see how climate change policy will be determined over the next decade. One of the most challenging tasks will be how both the developing and developed world are brought into the framework in someway.

Through this special blog on the “Road to Copenhagen” Willow Rivers will offer insights and opinions on the challenges and developments currently facing governments around the World. Kicking off this week with a brief mention on how the economic downturn is having an effect on the efforts of governments and business.

In these difficult times many governments will be reluctant to increase the burden on businesses unless it is absolutely necessary. However, many governments are mitigating the downturn by providing large sums of money investing in renewable energy infrastructure and other such projects. Businesses meanwhile are placing an even greater emphasis on cost control. Many will be looking to increase their energy efficiency, which will naturally reduce costs, and this coupled with reduced global business activity will also ease the demand for energy. However, this is where global leaders are presented with a headache - lower demand for energy translates into lower costs for fossil fuels, making investments into alternative energy less attractive.

This is but one of the many problems leaders will have to try and balance when Copenhagen comes round in December. Look out for further updates on Willow Rivers blog over the coming weeks as we look ahead to Copenhagen 09.

Masdar’s Abu Dhabi carbon capture initiative

April 12th, 2009 Posted by Admin in Carbon

Masdar are famous for their “zero carbon city” in Abu Dhabi, a renewable energy challenge taken up by Sir Norman Foster to deliver the worlds first completely sustainable, car-free city.

Masdar are now moving forward with their green initiatives, having commenced negotiations with the national Abu Dhabi oil company ADNOC with regards to carbon sequestration initiatives. As one of the largest oil producers in the region, Abu Dhabi has a heavy carbon “footprint” and so Masdar’s plans are welcomed by the international community.

Masdar hope to collect CO2 from 4 different sites around Abu Dhabi, sell the CO2 to ADNOC for their carbon credit value and also additionally for the gas to be injected in to ageing ADNOC oil-fields to increase the oil field pressure and improve oil extraction. CO2 will then be stored underground as per sequestration strategies being considered and adopted in global regions from Montana to the North Sea.

Masdar have a long way to go in the CO2 acquisition, and need to lay the transportation pipes, and the cost and sales price to ADNOC still need finalising, however this is at least a positive step in Abu Dhabi towards reducing their CO2 emissions.